Essay about J. Alfred Prufrock - 781 Words

J. Alfred Prufrock is He Gay When we read T. S. Eliot’s â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† you almost get the feeling that Prufrock is gay. In fact, when the story is read a bit more in depth you can conclude that he is gay. The first flag that is raised to our attention of prufrock being gay is the fact that not once do we hear the name of his so called lover or even him calling her a lady. Therefore we might be able to conclude that this lady is in fact a guy. This would in turn bring up many situations in the story that are not brought to light if this story was read in different text. Prufrock is very insecure about himself. This is especially seen in the first ten lines. He is insecure when he talks of his†¦show more content†¦He wants to murder the mask that he is wearing. He wants to come out and then recreate himself. However, when the first realization of his homosexuality comes to mind Prufrock starts second-guessing himself. In lines thirty-one through thirty-four we see this in decisiveness. Prufrock then starts thinking of his appearance if he were to let this be known. He thinks about how his perfect world is not ready for a idea of this magnitude to come forth. Prufrock knows that if his homosexuality was to be known, the perfect universe that he knows would the destroyed. At first glance lines forty-nine through sixty-one seem to be about him wanting death. This, however, is not the case. Furthermore, we see him asking himself what he should do if he does come out and tell people of his sexuality. He is weighing the possibilities and the reprocutions of his decision. He finnaly comes to the conclusion that evrything is alright now and he does not want to disturb this peacfulness. Line eighty-seven clearly tells us that he did not come out. Yet he is also second guessing his decision. No, he tells himself, it would not have been worth his own morality to ruin everyones perfect picture of himself. Prufrock would miss the boring events, or would he? In truth, we find that Prufrock would have rather told the truth about his homosexuality. But, we find that he is insecure about himself. With his lack of insecurityShow MoreRelated Essay on the Loneliness of J. Alfred Prufrock1042 Words   |  5 PagesThe Loneliness of J. Alfred Prufrock In The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, written by T. S. Elliot in 1917, J. Alfred Prufrock makes the reader privy to his innermost thoughts on an evening out. Prufrock wants to lead the reader to an overwhelming question, raising expectations, but he is a bitterly disappointing man; he never asks the question. He lacks self-esteem, women are intimidating to him, and he is too much of a coward to ever be successful with women. The title is The Love SongRead MoreThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1072 Words   |  5 Pages We may never be given a second chance to do something daring ever again so we seize the day! However, people like in J. Alfred Prufrock make the attempt to do but it doesn’t work. â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,† written by T.S. Elliot, essentially is about a simple man that wishes to ask a question, although the question is never revealed, the reader is taken on journey the with the speaker, only to find that they have spent a lengthy amou nt of time of their lives without ever asking theRead MoreThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock970 Words   |  4 PagesLove When reading the title of T.S Eliot’s â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† it is believed we are in store for a poem of romance and hope. A song that will inspire embrace and warmth of the heart, regretfully this is could not be further from the truth. This poem takes us into the depths of J. Alfred Prufrock, someone who holds faltering doubt and as a result may never come to understand real love. â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† takes us through Prufrock’s mindset and his self-doubtingRead MoreThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1647 Words   |  7 Pagesthe situation to protect their emotional well being. This mindset can be seen in T.S. Eliot’s work The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. The main character, Prufrock, plans to ask the woman he loves the overwhelming question of marriage, but due to his pessimistic outlook, he became hesitant and self conscious. Surges of insecurity arise, and instead of proposing his love, Prufrock d elays the question and spends the night talking nonsense to avoid the situation. In the end, Prufrock’s insecuritiesRead MoreThe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock1729 Words   |  7 PagesThe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock The dramatic monologue â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock was written by Thomas Stearns Eliot and published in June of 1915. Eliot was born in St Louis, Missouri on September 26, 1888, where he grew up and lived until the age of eighteen. After high school, Eliot studied at Harvard University in Cambridge, MA and the Sorbonne in Paris, France. Eventually, Eliot ended up in England where he married his wife Vivien and spent the remainder of his lifeRead MoreThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1125 Words   |  5 Pagesthe ideas of modernism. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, despite being one of T.S Eliot s earliest publications, still manages to remain one of the most famous. He uses this poem to not only draw out the psychological aspect of members of modern society, but also to draw out the aspect of the time that he lived in. The speaker of this poem is a modern man who feels alone, isolated, and incapable of making decisive actions for himself. Prufrock desires to speak to a woman about his loveRead MoreThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock915 Words   |  4 PagesThe Love Song of Alfred Prufrock: Taking the Love out of Song A tragedy in a poem is usually characterized as an event that has a tragic or unhappy ending. They generally are used to teach morals or lessons. T.S. Eliot’s, â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†, is considered a tragedy because of the way Eliot uses four different writing styles: word choice, figurative language, images, and biblical allusions. Using these styles, Eliot acknowledges the tragic endeavor of single, reclusiveRead MoreThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay1928 Words   |  8 PagesVoices Wake Us and We Drown’: Community in ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’,† James Haba contends that the repeated use of â€Å"you†, â€Å"we†, and â€Å"us† in T. S. Eliot’s â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† creates a personal ambience around the reader and Prufrock. Because of this, Haba argues that Eliot’s use of personal pronouns and references produces a sense of community and intimacy between the reader and Prufrock (53), even though Prufrock seemingly struggles with emotions of intimacy and belongingRead MoreThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock1005 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,† published in 1915, was written by a man named T.S. Eliot. The speaker of the poem begins to describe an evening that appears to be somewhat romantic and a little mysterious. As the reader progresses into the poem, the mood soon fades and the reader starts to figure out that this evening is not what they pictured. â€Å"Acquainted with the Night† is a poem written by Robert Frost. The poem was first published in 1927. The speaker of the poem has a similar mood asRead MoreThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock986 Words   |  4 PagesIn The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T. S. Eliot and Dover Beach by Matthew Arnold the poets utilizes poetic devices to convey their respective themes. Through use of symbols and metaphors, the speaker in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock displays his fears of the changes brought with the younger generation, and isolation from the changing society. The speaker in Dover Beach, utilizes symbols, metaphors, and similes to state that the younger generation has less faith than the older, and society

A Research Study On Stem Cell Research - 1324 Words

Path to Hope A man has been battling Parkinson’s disease, which is a disease where it is harder to speak, parts of the body move uncontrollably and it is hard to balance and walk. It’s challenging for him to interact with his family and live his life like this. He knows that stem cells could help cure him from his misery, so he has been fighting and fighting for stem cell research to be fully funded in America. Stem cells are cells that have the skill to change into any type of cell in the human body (Lewis). These cells could be put anywhere ill in the body to make it healthy again. Imagine all of the people with chronicle diseases and cancer being able to have hope for being happy and healthy again. Also, these stem cells can fix†¦show more content†¦These can help many patients and not give them the stress of having somebody else’s organ being put in them. Getting therapy and all kinds of different surgeries for a single organ or injury is so painful. These patie nts would go through less pain if they got stem cells injected into their body every once in a while. Two ex-professional athletes, John Brodie and Gorde Howe, left the country and went to Mexico to receive stem cell injections after massive strokes they each had. Before the experimental treatment these two sport hero’s could barely walk, speak with others or take care of themselves and began to give up hope. Just hours after the treatment, both men could exercise, walk and communicate better, just after they were on the verge of death. Brodie’s doctor did not want him to go receive this treatment, but he believed it was his last chance at recovery and happiness. As for Howe, his family was hesitant about his decision to get these injections, but they figured he needed this opportunity (Schrotenboer). Stem cells serve the body as a repair kit and our nation needs to see the possibility of stem cells as the tool we all need (Monczunski; Rowley). While Obama signed for s tem cell research to be allowed under restrictions with some funding he explained this research is â€Å"To regenerate a served spinal cord and lift someone from a wheelchair. To spur insulin production and spare a child from a lifetime of

Interchange Effects in Public Transport †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Interchange Effects in Public Transport. Answer: Introduction The critical boundaries to enhancing public transport framework in Australia's urban communities are the high forthright cost of development consolidated with fare box income which does not take care of working expenses (Astell-Burt andFeng 2017). This spots huge budgetary weight on the government when interest in broad daylight transport Foundation is considered. Rather than an open deliberation about how to make the best public transport framework for our urban communities, it turns into a level headed discussion about the following individual bit of public transport foundation we can manage. On the other hand, toll streets have proved to be more conspicuous in our urban areas essentially because they make restricted spending commitments on government since they are a client pays structure financed (Schoettle andSivak 2014), fabricated and worked by the individual division with dangers characterised and constrained. This befuddles in transport framework interest in Australia has misshaped the shape and example of our urban communities. Coordinated toll street systems are being made while public transport frame stays moderate and can't accomplish a minimum amount of system combination and support to legitimise the large scale capital venture required to convey high administration levels and cost efficiencies (Badland et al. 2014). This circumstance must change as Australian urban communities like whatever remains of the created world - develop towards a more traditional urban shape with employments in the information economy. Australia's real capital urban communities are the financial powerhouses of the country and our passage to the worldwide economy. They are home to the key economic framework which is basic to the flourishing of businesses and parts crosswise over Australia (Tirachini Hensher and Rose 2013). They will turn out to be more critical over the twenty-first century. Public transport framework gives essential monetary, social and supportability benefits which are surely known by the Australian individuals. The proof is certain that consistently expanding the scale and limit of our street arranges alone won't empower our urban communities to adapt to conjecture urban densification (Bray et al. 2015). It is important that complete mass travel public transport frameworks are arranged, subsidised, fabricated and effectively worked in all real Australian urban areas. Defining the Business Processes The idea of 'integrated public transport' (IPT) can be translated in the accompanying ways: Open transport that is facilitated in, for example, path to expand utility while limiting assets utilised inefficient duplication is limited Open transport that presents or markets itself as a consistent framework paying little respect to mode Public transportation that can be utilised as a coherent framework paying little mind to mode It is theorised that an incorporated multi-modular open transport structure will deliver socially, monetarily and naturally supportable results in low-thickness Australian urban areas and give a contrasting pragmatic option to the private engine auto with moderately low capital cost and lead time (Burke et al. 2014). The discourse in postulation approves the prudence of executing brought together arranging of all regular mass travel modes (transport, cable car, prepare, ship) with the end goal for it to better content on Cost, scope, and accommodation with private engine vehicles. Such a vocation is required for the noteworthy government intercession that is normal, all together for the Australian state and governments to stray from the neoliberal position that they have embraced starting late. Developing the Business Requirements A relative contextual analysis will take a gander at another New Western World city in a similar situation to the base case, Sydney. The contextual investigation takes into account detail and setting (Cerin et al. 2015). This examination will be made with Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The choice and conclusion of the contextual analysis were based on a few criteria: Availability of essential and optional wellsprings of data, especially the utilisation of the Web and media communications keeping in mind the end goal to get information Having likenesses with Sydney in urban shape and arranging arrangements and additionally contrasts as far as transport and arranging arrangement The limitations on the length of the theory, influencing the quantity of contextual analyses or detail of investigation of each contextual analysis The creator's nature with the contextual analysis city Go to Toronto was embraced to direct research for the writing surveys, first face to-confront meetings, and lead field work perceptions and photography. An investigation trip was embraced by the creator to Toronto to physically encounter the city's open transport offerings. A noteworthy contention for open transport is its capacity to enhance social and financial maintainability by diminishing transport disservice (Daniels and Mulley 2013). A vehicle framework that is feasible should palatable suit the requirements of most if not every single societal gathering. For instance, a city arranged towards private engine car utilise plainly victimises the individuals who can't bear to drive too as those physically unfit to drive (DeGruyter et al. 2016). Such societal gatherings in this way should depend on different modes, for example, strolling, cycling or open transport. It is guileless to recommend that disparity does not exist in our general public transport is no particular case where there is a uniqueness among those inside our general public, in this manner bringing about social prohibition. The issue of social avoidance is broadly secured by various scholastics concisely plot three components of social prohibition that could be impacted by transport arranging: Poor access to administrations Lack of expectation: prohibited individuals feel little seek after the future particularly if hindrances, for example, incapacity or medical issues, the absence of transport restrain the chances to work or take an interest in the public arena Polarized and divided groups This paper does not endeavour to talk about the history, the issues or the ideas identifying with social avoidance all things considered, it is perceived that the need to defeat the matters of social avoidance keeping in mind the end goal to satisfy the point of social manageability (Dono et al. 2015). While the level of transport hindrance can be mapped spatially, there are a few societal bunches that will probably encounter social avoidance or transport drawback. These incorporate: Low-salary workers who may experience issues in getting account to possess and keep up an auto for transport Beneficiaries or potentially jobless individuals subject to social welfare or looking for work has restricted social or business openings because of inadequate openness stemming from reduced open transport benefits, or not owning or having the capacity to manage the cost of an auto Children and youth excessively youthful, making it impossible to drive and hence dependent on open transport administrations or grown-up drivers to look for social open doors Women more prone to be low-wage or welfare-subordinate or in easygoing/little maintenance work and consequently will probably go outside pinnacle driving circumstances when public transport might be insignificant or non-existent Elderly who might be not able to drive, living off an annuity, or have constrained physical portability and are reliant on way to-entryway mechanised transport Disabled or physically sick physical portability is inalienably restricted and exacerbated as they might be not able to drive, and transport administrations may not physically oblige their needs (e.g. wheelchair-bound) Outer urban tenants the individuals who live in regions that might be spatially segregated, have such low densities that vehicle organisers see any car benefit in such zones as 'not monetarily feasible' Ethnic minorities may experience issues in acquiring data about transport decisions or, on the other hand utilising open transport benefits because of dialect troubles Transport burden can likewise show up be all the more inconspicuously, as opposed to through special societal gatherings. For example, open transportation in New Western World urban communities focuses on meeting the serious request amid the suburbanite crest periods. Amid off-crest periods, benefit levels decrease or are immaterial. This segregates the individuals who require transport amid the off-pinnacle, evenings and ends of the week, for example, move specialists, easy-going or small maintenance labourers (Dowling and Kent 2015), understudies, youngsters, and ladies (a significant portion of the populace). The point of this postulation does not particularly suggest the need to assess the details of transport arranging, for example, transport arranging models, which likewise skirt on transport designing. The need for this proposal is the significance of the general population that we get ready for and the conduct of those individuals (Ibrahim andMcGoldrick 2017). Integrated Transport and Land Use Planning (ITLUP) can be thought to be the more proactive, request drove way to deal with making arrangements for practical transport. The agreement among experts seems, by all accounts, to be that there is a substantial connection between urban shape and easy transport rehearses exists in cities around the world. Under this approach, overseeing urban form is the principle device for organisers to energize interest for feasible transportation; different angles are laid out underneath. Software Requirement From arranging timetables to an enhanced organisation, what's more, administration of vehicles what's more, drivers we give our clients the instruments to get the most out of their assets. Regardless of whether a smart card, standardised identification, registration/checkout or, on the other hand, paper ticket our ticketing arrangements make it simple for travellers to pay the correct admission (King and Weir 2016). What's more, our clients get the most out of our easy to-utilise charge administration programming, as well. Watching out for the activity circumstance, expanding timeliness, settling disturbances rapidly and keeping travelers all around educated: we help transport organisations offer their clients an administration of the most astounding quality. How easily is your operation running? What does the request resemble? Where might you be able to make updates? We help our clients discover answers to these inquiries and numerous more (Loader, Langdon andRobotis 2015). As the primary supplier, we incorporate mechanised information input into our operations also, arranging apparatuses. Choosing the Software Vendor Against the background of national and universal rivalry, open transport suppliers confront an assortment of new difficulties: the need to respond all the more adaptable, venturing up execution and enhancing client benefit. Creating advanced transportation ideas that viable address travellers' issues are a noteworthy errand (Nguyen, Currie and Young 2015). As is connecting administrations with those of different suppliers. All while staying productive and financially savvy. On account of coordinated ITS answers from INIT, this is now a reality. In more than 100 German urban communities and also in Brisbane, Dubai, New York, Nottingham, Vancouver, and numerous different urban communities crosswise over four landmasses. More than 400 national and global open transport organizations have just selected INIT. We are presently the chief merchant to offer flawlessly incorporated ITS and ticketing arrangements tending to the whole range of your day by day assignments (Yen et al. 2015). Our aptitude depends on more than 30 years' involvement in the business and mirrors our vision of making open transport simple for clients of our frameworks and travellers. To accomplish this, we build up all equipment and programming segments in-house. This guarantees our frames are consistently incorporated for culminating interoperability Furthermore, in the meantime can be productively custom fitted to fit your particular necessities(Xia et al. 2015). As a development pioneer, we effectively team up on institutionalization extends and take an interest in on-going look into ventures. Our representatives work in a close joint effort with our clients utilising their bits of knowledge to enhance our frameworks persistently . This implies our arrangements are continuously created by your necessities (White 2016). Regardless of whether you are hoping to get a remain separate module for ticketing, arranging or staff arrangement into your current condition, or wish to receive the rewards of a completely incorporated ITS and ticketing framework (Redman et al. 2013). You can make sure that every single INIT programming and equipment segment is by our logic: create arrangements that help a coordinated process chain and help with making open transport simple. Furthermore, apparently, quick, adaptable and solid. Organisations that utilised the similar framework Uber's incentive would be along these lines like a market however if it were that straightforward it would not have the same troublesome impact. What empowers it to convey on the guarantee above is that it can coordinate supply to a request. By utilising continuous measurements, it can perceive what application resembles and after that, as demand surpasses accessible ability to diminish request by presenting surge valuing (Rissel et al. 2016) which expands costs where an application is most elevated. In the meantime, the inflated tolls urge more drivers to work and along these lines builds supply. Uber can do this because the drivers are proprietor administrators. It doesn't claim the advantages, and along these lines, it can flex limit inside minutes, though a customary taxi organisation takes months or years to accomplish similar outcomes (Tirachini Hensher and Rose 2014). The innovation empowers this offer, and in the meantime, it likewise allows conventional torment focuses to be tended to at negligible extra cost. On the off chance that you have no money it's not an issue. Uber charges your card. The entire framework is cashless making it more secure for the two drivers and travellers. It likewise brings straightforwardness by recognising both driver and traveller and their positions to each other and by demonstrating precisely where the taxi is constantly. Vulnerability and in this way nervousness is diminished for both These are issues that were hard to determine in a conventional taxi plan of action. Technological Implementation Efficiency Usage of robotised vehicle area (AVL) and PC supported dispatch (CAD) frameworks can enhance open transportation framework consistent quality, facilitate exchanges and diminish traveller hold up times. Information from AVL/CAD frameworks and programmed traveller counter frameworks and different advances can help in the arranging of new and adjusted accessible transportation administrations. In-vehicle self-indicative gear can consequently ready support work force of potential issues. Programmed vehicle area (AVL) and PC supported dispatch (CAD) frameworks encourage the administration of open transportation operations, giving continuous data on vehicle areas to help travel dispatchers and additionally educate voyagers of transport status. AVL, joined with dispatching and reservation advances, encourages the usage of adaptable open transportation steering and booking (Yen et al. 2017). Numerous offices have actualised these sorts of frameworks and furthermore utilise the data they give in course arranging. The cost of interest responsive operational programming and PC helped to dispatch frameworks can go from $10,000 to more prominent than $50,000 per organisation. Low-end frameworks can encourage planning, bookkeeping, and report era exercises. Higher-end frameworks give further developed travel request administration highlights including mechanised traveller enlistment, ongoing trek booking, correspondences with advanced portable informing frameworks, and information trade with GIS and AVL armada administration structures. Further developed structures could be utilised to organize benefit inside or between open transportation offices. The further developed applications show more difficulties, including ongoing support, overhauls and staffing necessities, and have not been extensively sent because of the expenses and many-sided quality (Scott et al. 2016). Additionally, some of these frameworks are not open source; which means they are commonly more costly while less straightforward a nd promptly adjusted and altered. APC frameworks are electronic machines that check the amount of travellers that board and land at each transport stop. They, together with AVL frameworks, have customarily shaped the two essential advances that open transportation frames look for first. In frameworks that have them, they supplant the plan checkers that already gathered ridership data manually. Notwithstanding use in assessing administration, for bigger organisations, ridership data they collect can be utilised to satisfy National Travel Database revealing necessities. Numerous open transportation offices can't bear the cost of AVL and APC frameworks which cost $2,500 to $15,000 each per transport, notwithstanding the product expected to run the framework. There is potential later on to get rich data concerning travellers and other information utilising Bluetooth innovation. This more refined information gathering could advise offices concerning potential client request. Notwithstanding, this information has not yet been acknowledged as means for recording ridership. Upkeep observing advances take into consideration the programmed accumulation and announcing of vehicle upkeep data. Data can be transferred toward the finish of a run, or while in benefit using remote communication. TriMet has a give application to make an IoT portal on vehicles with the goal that all wellness of Armada framework is associated with it. All frames identified with support would be effectively checked, and the data gave in a separate area. This would make it considerably less demanding, and the sky is the limit from there sufficient for organisations to keep up a condition of good repair and maintain a strategic distance from breakdowns that burden riders. T his approach can be especially critical with rail frameworks since the debilitating of one vehicle can influence the whole line or system. Potential Risks or Vulnerabilities Open transportation innovation specialists in Oregon met for this paper recommended that a noteworthy challenge for public transportation offices in managing change is the fast pace of progress. The most critical initial step open transport organisations can take in getting ready for these advancements is mindfulness: take after innovation in industry distributions and online journals; watch what different offices are doing; participate in pilot ventures. Interviewees recommended that, while a portion of the progressions, for example, the development in Shared Use Mobility (Aggregate) may seem to contend with accessible transportation, organisations should see SUM as an open door (Rodrguez-Nez andGarca-Palomares 2014). New advancements display extraordinary open doors for accessible transportation and offices that effectively grasp them remain to receive awesome benefits (however embracing new advances is a massive obstruction, depicted beneath). For instance, organisations that crea te applications that interfaces with or connections to other modes and administrations (like TNCs) can profit by access to a developing client base. Inability to do as such may prompt whittling down of their customer base as an ever increasing number of individuals depend on TNCs and other shared portability arrangements. Notwithstanding, offices have commitments, for example, furnishing access to riders with handicaps and will need to guarantee that new administrations likewise meet such obligations. Note that a few advancements can display boundaries for riders. For instance, portable ticketing applications and recharge may require that riders have a cell phone and add a credit or charge card to make buys. This case outlines that the necessities of distraught passengers must be considered in the usage of these innovations pushing ahead. Ways to eliminate the risks A few of those met noticed that acquisition rules were created numerous years prior and are concentrated on physical items, for example, transports. New advancements frequently require employing of aptitude or buy of programming more likened to staff or thoughts than objects. While securing innovation, organisations have tended to issue a separate RFP for different parts, even a whole program. This conflicts with development and rivalry. Some littler organisations have gotten into long contracts for utilisation of exclusive items. Proposals heard amid interviews incorporate patching up the acquisition rules, requiring that merchants utilise open source advancements, and unbundling acquirements into person capacities. In outline, an absence of mindfulness, limited assets and old acquisition forms all moderate the rate of appropriation of innovation among travel offices. The hole between the fast pace of innovative change and responsiveness by travel posts exhibits a significant issue inside tourism industry. References Astell-Burt, T. andFeng, X., 2017.Does the Potential Benefit of Neighbourhood Green Space for Body Mass Index Depend upon Socioeconomic Circumstances and Local Built and Transport Environments?A Test of the Equigenesis Hypothesis in Australia.?Journal of Transport Health,?5, p.S40. Badland, H.,Whitzman, C., Lowe, M.,Davern, M., Aye, L., Butterworth, I.,Hes, D. and Giles-Corti, B., 2014.Urban liveability: emerging lessons from Australia for exploring the potential for indicators to measure the social determinants of health.?Social science medicine,?111, pp.64-73. Bray,J.E.,Straney, L., Barger, B. and Finn, J., 2015.Effect of public awareness campaigns on calls to ambulance across Australia.?Stroke,?46(5), pp.1377-1380. Burke, M., Stanley, J., Duncan, M., Stone, J., Giles-Corti, B., Burke, M., Stanley, J. and Duncan, M., 2014.Action area 4Active travel.?Blueprint for an active Australia, p.31. Cerin, E.,Ngan, W.,Choi, W.K., Yin, S.Y. and Barnett, A., 2015.Physical activity and healthy eating in older Chinese immigrants to Australia: a qualitative study of environmental barriers and facilitators.In?Annual Meeting of the International Society forBehavioralNutrition and Physical Activity, ISBNPA 2015.ISBNPA 2015.. Daniels, R. and Mulley, C., 2013.Explaining walking distance to public transport: The dominance of public transport supply.?Journal of Transport and Land Use,?6(2), pp.5-20. DeGruyter, C., Currie, G., Reynolds, J., Peel, V. and Yang, Y., 2016, November.Benchmarking public transport for international tourists in Queensland cities.In?Australasian Transport Research Forum (ATRF), 38th, 2016, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Dono, J., Bowden, J.,Ettridge, K.,Roder, D. and Miller, C., 2015. Monitoring approval of new legislation banning smoking in children's playgrounds and public transport stops in South Australia.?Tobacco control,?24(5), pp.519-520. Dowling, R. and Kent, J., 2015.Practice and publicprivate partnerships in sustainable transport governance: The case of car sharing in Sydney, Australia.?Transport Policy,?40, pp.58-64. Ibrahim, M.F. andMcGoldrick, P.J., 2017.?Shopping choices with public transport options: an agenda for the 21st century.Routledge. King, A. and Weir, D., 2016, July.Does road traffic congestion drive public transport usage: and how should we respond when major projects shift the balance?.In?Australian Institute of Traffic Planning and Management (AITPM) National Conference, 2016, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Loader, C., Langdon, N. andRobotis, E., 2015, September.Bringing better buses toBrimbank: implementing bus network reform in Melbourne.In?Australasian Transport Research Forum (ATRF), 37th, 2015, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Nguyen, P.Q., Currie, G. and Young, B., 2015, September.Publictransport congestion relief measurement: a new framework and its impacts.In?Australasian Transport Research Forum (ATRF), 37th, 2015, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Redman, L.,Friman, M.,Grling, T. andHartig, T., 2013.Quality attributes of public transport that attract car users: A research review.?Transport Policy,?25, pp.119-127. Rissel, C., Crane, M.,Wen, L.M., Greaves, S. andStanden, C., 2016.Satisfaction with transport and enjoyment of the commute by commuting mode in inner Sydney.?Health promotion journal of Australia,?27(1), pp.80-83. Rodrguez-Nez, E. andGarca-Palomares, J.C., 2014.Measuring the vulnerability of public transport networks.?Journal of transport geography,?35, pp.50-63. Schoettle, B. andSivak, M., 2014.A survey of public opinion about autonomous and self-driving vehicles in the US, the UK, and Australia. Scott, N., Hart, A., Wilson, J., Livingston, M., Moore, D. andDietze, P., 2016.The effects of extended public transport operating hours and venue lockout policies on drinking-related harms in Melbourne, Australia: Results fromSimDrink, an agent-based simulation model.?International Journal of Drug Policy,?32, pp.44-49. Tirachini, A.,Hensher, D.A. and Rose, J.M., 2013.Crowding in public transport systems: effects on users, operation and implications for the estimation of demand.?Transportation research partA: policy and practice,?53, pp.36-52. Tirachini, A.,Hensher, D.A. and Rose, J.M., 2014. Multimodal pricing and optimal design of urban public transport: The interplay between traffic congestion and bus crowding.?Transportation Research Part B: Methodological,?61, pp.33-54. White, P., 2016.?Public transport: its planning, management and operation.Taylor Francis. Xia, T.,Nitschke, M., Zhang, Y., Shah, P.,Crabb, S. and Hansen, A., 2015.Traffic-related air pollution and health co-benefits of alternative transport in Adelaide, South Australia.?Environment international,?74, pp.281-290. Yen, B.T., Tseng, W.C., Mulley, C.,Chiou, Y.C. and Burke, M., 2017.Assessing Interchange Effects in Public Transport: A Case Study of South East Queensland, Australia.?Transportation ResearchProcedia,?25, pp.4023-4041. Yen, B.T., Tseng, W.C.,Chiou, Y.C.,Lan, L.W., Mulley, C. and Burke, M., 2015.Effects of Two Fare Policies on Public Transport Travel Behaviour: Evidence from South East Queensland, Australia.?Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies,?11, pp.425-443.

Latin America and the Catholic Church

Reaction from the Reformist The Catholic Church in Nicaragua experienced internal struggle during and after the revolution this was between those who supported the Marxist ideals of liberation and the opponents who were conservatives.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Latin America and the Catholic Church specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When the Pope visited the country in 1983, the church was extremely polarized within its hierarchy. The relation with Sandinista government was not cordial (Hogan, 2005). Both the church and the state eagerly waited for the arrival of the Pope the reform minded Catholics believed the Pope would support their efforts (Kathy, 1983). The church had previously supported and specified circumstances where rebellion or insurrection may be justified. For instance, the bishop’s conference of 1968 in Medellin, Colombia the liberation theology was endorsed (Hogan, 2005). The p riest believed that supporting the Marxist group amounted to championing the interest of the poor something Christ would do under similar circumstances. The government, on the other hand, expected the Pope to play a mediator role to support the peace process, and even to condemn the counter revolutionaries. That is why the government mobilized people to attend the papal mass at Managua by offering free transportation and declaring the day as a national holiday (Kathy, 1983). The Pope’s Verdict The pope clearly stated his position to the Nicaraguan priests that he was supporting the conservatives and not the revolutionary Catholics. He pleaded with the poor that they were living in unjust and inhuman condition, but that would not be the reason to rise in arms against the oppressor.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The pope’s visit did not improve the situation but m ade it even worse (Kathy, 1983). He steered clear from the tensions between the church and the state and emphasized the need for unity in the church to avoid corruption from outside and the Marxist influence. He spoke against the division which was emerging in the hierarchy of the church and confirmed the authority of bishops in the church (Hogan, 2005). He supported the conservative archbishop Miguel Obando and spoke against the priests who held positions in government and the need to regularize their position. He argued that the priests and bishops were considered as the spouses of Christ and the church, and they were not supposed to hold a compensated political office (Kathy, 1983). Why Some Were Disappointed Some Nicaraguan Catholics were disappointed by the pope’s position on political action because it convinced them that the pope and the Vatican did not understand their problems. This is because the same venue, where the papal mass was conducted had been used previousl y to commemorate the lives of seventeen youths who were killed in an ambush (Kathy, 1983). The pope did not mention the incident neither did he offer any consolation to the families of the deceased. His silence on the matter perplexed many, because they knew the pope would at least mention the incident (Goff, Moss, Terry, Upshur Schroeder, 2008). Fear After Pope’s Visit Previously the pope had chastised one priest when he arrived at the airport for associating with an organization of farm workers. From this people feared that unity would not be achieved, and schism was almost inevitable.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Latin America and the Catholic Church specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The priests, on the other hand, hoped to present their case before the pope, but it did not happen. The expectations of the poor people had been exaggerated by the church and the state, and that led to chanting during mass that they needed peace and a prayer for their dead. The mothers whose sons were murdered were the most discouraged because the pope did not offer the prayer of peace, which would have consoled them. The Lord’s Prayer, which is seen as a sign of peace, was not offered either (Hogan, 2005). Reference List Goff, R., Moss, W., Terry, J., Upshur, J., Schroeder, M. (2008). The twentieth century  and beyond- A global history. (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Hogan, M. (2005). Latin America – An Historical Perspective on the Politics of the Catholic Church in Latin America. Latin America and the Caribbean. Retrieved from http://www.alterinfos.org/spip.php?article103 Kathy, L. (1983). The 1983 Visit of Pope John Paul II to Nicaragua. World History  Archives. Retrieved from http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/47/030.html This research paper on Latin America and the Catholic Church was written and submitted by user PuppetMaster to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Marks Spencer Essays

Marks Spencer Essays Marks Spencer Paper Marks Spencer Paper Essay Topic: Marketing Marketers use PEST analysis in order to investigate the outside environment in which an organization is operating. PEST stands for: * Political factors affect the activity of the business. Political developments are generally out of the control of an organization, but it needs to forecast and anticipate change and then react accordingly. The development of the European Union has provided both opportunities and threats to British organizations. Its recent enlargement meant the market for British products expanded by 45 million customers. * Economic influences look at how the performance of the economy impacts on organizations. All economies go through cycles of prosperity, recession and recovery. The business cycle is especially important because of its direct effect on consumer and business spending. During times of prosperity, both consumers and business customers buy more goods and services. * Social environment describes the characteristics of society, the people who live in that society and their values and beliefs. The first area of study tends to focus on the population demographics revealing information about size, gender, ethnic groups, income levels, educational attainment, occupations and family structure. This information is very useful to marketers in predicting the size of markets for many products from food to clothe. * Technological developments affect many organizations. Growing ownership of computers and the influence of the Internet is allowing people to buy virtually anything without having to leave their homes. Mobile phones are also now being used for advertisements. Political Factors MS: Political factors affect MS in a lot of ways. Some of those ways are explained below: The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 makes it illegal for anyone to be directly or indirectly discriminated against or harassed on their grounds of gender. It applies to all aspects of employment, training, treatment at work, dismissal and redundancy. There are some expectations such as acting and live in jobs, but however these are rare. Marks Spencer follows the Sex Discrimination Law in order no to get sued. However if MS choose not to follow this act they will get sued which will mean they will have more expenses in the business. Also if MS also get sued they will be in the newspapers probably all around the world which means MS will then end up loosing their customers as well as publicity which will also go into their expenses. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 protects people with disability against discrimination in employment, when obtaining goods and services, buying/renting land or property and gaining access to business premises. Employers must make reasonable adjustments to the workplace to enable a disabled person to do the job. Public bodies must have policies and action plans to tackle discrimination and no employer must treat a disabled person less favourably than able bodied people without justification. Discrimination is not divided into direct or indirect but is based on the grounds that less favourable treatment cannot be justified. Marks Spencer must follow the Disability Discrimination Law. The things that MS do to follow this law are they have lifts in all of their stores if the stores have stairs, they have lowered cash tills which is easier for the disabled person to reach, they also have electric wheel chairs which are good for the disabled people if they can not walk. If MS did not follow this law they would get sued and loose profit from the business. National Minimum Wage Act 1998 the minimum wage in the UK is  £5.73 for all adult workers. MS are paying most of their staffs the minimum wage  £5.73 per hour The mandate trade union proclaim on Tuesday, 24 February 2009 that they have made and agreement with MS for a new pay deal which is above the terms of the national wage agreement. Normally Marks Spencers staffs receives 5.73 per hour but it depends on how old they, if they are 22 years then they will receive that amount if below the age then they will receive less. Although a complex retail environment and call from employers groups for an extended pay pause, MS agreed to increase staffs wages above the current rates of pay to 6.7%. Mandate Assistant General Secretary, Gerry Light said, This deal is significant both in terms of Marks and Spencers recognition of the contribution from its staff members and also in terms of the local partnership process which can work successfully, even in difficult economic times, between employers and trade unions. The deal will see the implementation of the first phase (3.5%) of Towards 2016 paid to all staff from 1 January 2009 which means Marks and Spencer staff will not see a three month pay freeze as was negotiated in the National Wage Agreement and will instead see their pay increased ahead of schedule. The National Minimum Wage Act 1998 creates a minimum wage across the United Kingdom, currently  £5.73 per hour for adults. It was a flagship policy of the Labour Party in the UK during its 1997 election campaign and is still pronounced today in New Labour Party circulars as an outstanding gain for at least 1.5 million people. The national minimum wage (NMW) took effect on 1 April 1999. No national minimum wage existed prior to this date, although there were a variety of systems of wage controls focussed on specific industries. Part of the reason for Labours minimum wage policy was the decline of trade union membership over recent decades (weakening employees bargaining power), as well as a recognition that the employees most vulnerable to low pay (especially in service industries) were rarely unionised in the first place. The minimum wage was opposed by the opposition Conservative Party, including the Conservatives current leader, David Cameron. all employers must pay a minimum hourly wage to workers over the age of 18 regardless of where they work the size of the firm or the workers occupation. From the 1st October 2004 the national minimum wage was extended to workers aged 16 and 17 but this does not include apprentices aged 16-18. Apprentices aged 19 and above qualify for the minimum wage after the first twelve months of their apprenticeship. Marks Spencer pay all of the workers at least the minimum wage and even more for other workers. It is good for Marks and Spencer that the minimum wage isnt so big because they dont have to over pay their workers. However if the minimum wage keeps increasing then MS might have to cut jobs which means their sales and profits will be lower. Economic Factors MS: Economic factors affect MS in a lot of different ways. Some of those ways are explained below: Costs of credit (borrowing): Cost of borrowing influence MS in a good and bad way because they have to borrow money to expand however the bad way is that they have to pay back interest rates in return Marks Spencer has to be careful with the amount of money that they borrow from the bank. The reason for this is because when you borrow money from the bank you have to pay them interests because the bank is sacrificing their ability to use that money. Marks Spencer has to be careful not to borrow more than they actually need because interest repayments may rise causing MS more expenses which at the end of the day for them is profit that could be made. Competitive pressures: Competition affects MS in a bad way because they have to fight in order to sell their products. Competition is one of the biggest influence to MS. Marks Spencer competes against businesses such as Tesco and Asda for market share by making their products high quality and healthy as well as having good prices on them. Marks Spencer has many different ways that they could beat the competition. However they are already beating the competition because their main competitor is Waitrose and MS is more popular and has better prices than Waitrose products. This is a good for MS because they are one of the healthiest retailers in the UK and have competitive prices. Energy prices: Energy prices are an important cost of MS and are a bad impact because MS has more costs to pay. This is because MS stores use electricity for light, cash machines, heating and air conditioning. When energy prices increase MS then have to figure out ways how to use less electricity whether that would be installing solar panels in their store or something else. This has a big impact on MS because their business costs increase which means that they have to raise costs of their products in order to retain their profits. Social factors MS: Social factors affect MS in a lot of different ways. Some of those ways are explained below: Ageing population: The number of older people in the UK is increasing all the time. This has a good impact on MS because their target market will increase in age meaning more sales. This means that MS must produce things such as clothes for older people. However this is a good affect on MS because this will increase their profits more due to the amount of people that are going to buy their products is increasing. The old people will also eat healthy foods and MS food is really healthy if not the healthiest out of all the different food organisations in the UK such as Tesco and Asda. Hosting a major sporting and cultural events: Marks Spencer Celebrity culture: Celebrity culture is a good impact on MS because a lot people want to become celebrities. If they can not become celebrities they try to dress and live like celebrities. This is why Marks Spencer has to pay celebrities such as Twiggy to advertise their products to customers in positive ways. When MS use celebrities to advertise their products customers will buy them more because they will think that they will look like the celebrity that is advertising those products. It costs MS a lot of money to employ celebrities in order to advertise their products however it is like an investment for MS because their sales will increase on the products that they will advertise. Technological factors: Technological factors affect MS in a lot of different ways. Some of those ways are. Internet: Internet is a good impact for MS because they are able to sell their products online. MS have a website which is www.marksandspencer.co.uk in their website you can everything online and get it delivered straight to your home. This means that MS is able to expand their business to those who can not leave their home but want to use MS products. Internet has made a good opportunity for MS to expand their business globally.

John Wayne Gacy, the Third Most Prolific Serial Killer in U.S. History

John Wayne Gacy, the Third Most Prolific Serial Killer in U.S. History John Wayne Gacy was convicted of the torture, rape, and murder of 33 males between 1972 until his arrest in 1978. He was dubbed the Killer Clown because he entertained children at parties and hospitals as Pogo the Clown. On May 10, 1994, Gacy was executed by lethal injection. Gacys Childhood Years John Gacy was born on March 17, 1942, in Chicago, Illinois. He was the second of three children and the only son born to John Stanley Gacy and Marion Robinson. From age 4, Gacy was verbally and physically abused by his  alcoholic father. Despite the abuse, Gacy admired his father and constantly sought his approval. In return, his father would hurl insults at him, telling him he was stupid and acted like a girl. When Gacy was 7 years old, he was molested repeatedly by a friend of the family. He never told his parents about it, fearing that his father would find him at fault and that he would be severely punished. Gacys Teen Years   When Gacy was in elementary school, he was diagnosed with a congenital heart condition which limited his physical activity. As a result, he became overweight and endured  teasing from his classmates. At age 11, Gacy was hospitalized for several months at a time after experiencing unexplained blackouts. His father decided Gacy was faking the blackouts because the doctors were unable to diagnose why it was happening. After five years of being in and out of the hospital, it was discovered that he had a blood clot in his brain, which was treated. But Gacys delicate health issues failed to protect him from his fathers drunken wrath. He received regular beatings, for no particular reason other than his father disdained him. After years of abuse, Gacy taught himself not to cry. This was the only thing he consciously ever did that he knew would provoke his fathers anger. Gacy found it too difficult to catch up with what he had missed in school while hospitalized, so he decided to drop out. His being a  high school dropout  solidified his fathers constant accusations that Gacy was stupid. Las Vegas or Bust At the age of 18, Gacy was still living with his parents. He became involved with the Democratic Party and worked as an assistant precinct captain. It was during this time that he began to develop his gift for gab. He enjoyed the positive attention he received in what he felt was a prestigious position. But his father quickly squelched whatever good came out of his political involvement. He belittled Gacy’s association with the Party: he called him a Party patsy. Gacy’s  years of abuse  from his father finally wore him down. After several episodes of his father having refused to let Gacy use his own car, he had enough. He packed his belongings and escaped to Las Vegas, Nevada. A Frightening Awakening In Las Vegas, Gacy worked for an ambulance service for a short time but was then transferred to a mortuary where he was employed as an attendant. He often spent nights alone at the mortuary, where he would sleep on a cot near the embalming room.   On the last night that Gacy worked there, he got into a coffin and fondled the corpse of a teenage boy. Afterward, he was so confused and shocked by the realization that he had been sexually  aroused by a male corpse, that he called his mother the following day and without providing details, asked if he could return home. His father agreed and Gacy, who had only been gone for 90 days, quit his job at the mortuary and drove back to Chicago. Burying the Past Back in Chicago, Gacy forced himself to bury the experience at the mortuary and move forward. Despite not having completed high school, he was accepted at Northwestern Business College, where he graduated in 1963. He then took a management trainee position with the Nunn-Bush Shoe Company and was quickly transferred to Springfield, Illinois, where he was promoted to a management position. Marlynn  Meyers was employed at the same store and worked in Gacys department. The two began dating and nine months later they married. Community Spirit During his first year in Springfield, Gacy had become very involved with the local Jaycees, dedicating much of his spare time to the organization. He became adept at self-promotion, utilizing his salesmanship training to gain positive attention. He rose through the Jaycee ranks and in April  1964 he was awarded the title of Key Man. Fundraising was Gacys niche and by 1965 he was appointed the vice-president of the Jaycees Springfield division and later that same year he was recognized as being the third most outstanding Jaycee in the state of Illinois. For the first time in his life, Gacy felt confident and full of self-esteem. He was married, a good future before him,  and had persuaded people he was a leader. The one thing that threatened his success was his growing need to be  sexually involved with young male teens. Marriage and Fried Chicken After dating in Springfield, Illinois, Gacy and  Marlynn  married in September 1964 and then moved to Waterloo, Iowa where Gacy managed three Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants owned by Marilyns father. The newlyweds moved into  Marlynns  parents home, rent-free. Gacy soon joined the Waterloo Jaycees, and once again quickly moved up the ranks. In 1967, he received recognition as Outstanding Vice-President of the Waterloo Jaycees and earned a seat on the  Board of Directors. But, unlike in Springfield, the Waterloo Jaycees had a dark side that involved illegal drug use, wife swapping,  prostitutes, and pornography. Gacy slid right into the position of managing and regularly participating in these activities. Gacy also began to act on his desires to have sex with male teenagers, many of whom worked at the fried chicken restaurants he managed. The Lure He turned a basement room into a hangout as a way to attract teens. He would entice the boys with free alcohol and pornography. Gacy would then take sexual advantage of some of the boys after they became too intoxicated to put up any resistance. While Gacy was molesting teens in his basement and doing drugs with his Jaycee pals, Marlyn was busy having children. Their first child was a boy, born in 1967, and the second child was a girl, born a year later. Gacy later described this time of his life as being nearly perfect. It was also the only time he finally gained any approval from his father. The Colonel A common trait shared by many  serial killers  is their belief that they are smarter than everyone and that they will never get caught. Gacy fit that profile. With his above-average earnings and his social connections through the Jaycees, Gacys ego and confidence level grew. He became pushy and commanding and would often brag about accomplishments, most of which were transparent lies.   The Jaycee members who were not into hookers and porn began putting a distance between themselves and Gacy, or Colonel, as he insisted on being called. But in March 1968 Gacys near-perfect world quickly fell apart. First Arrest In August 1967 Gacy had hired 15-year-old Donald Voorhees to do odd jobs around his house. Donald met Gacy through his father, who was also in the Jaycees. After finishing his work, Gacy lured the teen to his basement with the promise of free beer and  porn movies. After Gacy supplied him with an abundance of alcohol, he forced him into having oral sex. This experience seemed to unplug any fears Gacy had about getting caught. Over the next several months, he sexually abused several teenage boys. He convinced some of them that a scientific research program that he was involved in was looking for participants and they would be paid $50 for each session. He also used blackmail as a way to force them into sexual submission. But in March 1968 it all came crashing down on Gacy. Voorhees told his father about the incident with Gacy in his basement, who immediately reported it to the police. Another 16-year-old victim also reported Gacy to the police. Gacy was  arrested  and charged with oral sodomy of the 15-year-old and attempted assault of the other boy, charges he strongly denied.   As his defense, Gacy said that the accusations were a lie by  Voorhees  father who was trying to sabotage his efforts to become president of the Iowa Jaycees. Some of his Jaycee friends believed it was possible. However, despite his protests, Gacy was indicted on the sodomy charges. In an effort to intimidate Voorhees and keep him from testifying, Gacy paid an employee, 18-year-old Russell Schroeder, $300 to beat up the teenager and warn him against showing up in court. Voorhees went straight to the police who arrested Schroeder. He promptly  admitted his guilt  and Gacys involvement to the police. Gacy was charged with conspiracy-assault. By the time it was over, Gacy pled guilty to sodomy and received a 10-year sentence.   Doing Time On December 27, 1969, Gacys father died of cirrhosis of the liver. The news hit Gacy hard, but despite his obvious poor emotional state, the prison officials denied his request to attend his fathers funeral. Gacy did everything right in prison. He earned his high school degree and took his position as head cook seriously. His good behavior paid off. In October 1971, after completing just two years of his sentence, he was released and placed on  probation  for 12 months. Marlyn filed for divorce while Gacy was in prison. He was so angered by the divorce that he told her that she and the two children were dead to him, vowing never to see them again. Marlyn, no doubt, hoped that he would stick to his word. Back in Action With nothing to return to in Waterloo, Gacy moved back to Chicago to begin rebuilding his life. He moved in with his mother and got a job working as a cook, and then worked for a construction contractor. Gacy later bought a home 30 miles outside of Chicago, in Des Plaines, Illinois. Gacy and his mother lived in the house, which was part of the terms of Gacys probation. In early February 1971, Gacy lured a teenage boy to his home and tried to rape him, but the boy escaped and went to the police. Gacy was charged with  sexual assault, but the charges were dismissed when the teen did not show up in court. Word of his arrest never got back to his parole officer. First Kill On Jan. 2, 1972, Timothy Jack McCoy, age 16, was planning on sleeping at the bus terminal in Chicago. His next bus wasnt scheduled until the following day, but when Gacy approached him and offered to give him a tour of the city, plus let him sleep at his house, McCoy took him up on it.   According to Gacy’s account, he awoke the following morning and saw McCoy standing with a knife at his bedroom door. Gacy thought the teen intended on killing him, so he charged the boy and got control of the knife. Gacy then  stabbed the teen to death. Afterward, he realized that he had mistaken McCoys intentions. The teen had a knife because he was preparing breakfast and had gone to Gacys room to wake him up.   Although Gacy had not planned to kill McCoy when he brought him home, he couldnt dismiss the fact that he had become sexually aroused to the point of orgasm during the kill. In fact, the killing was the most intense sexual pleasure he had ever felt. Timothy Jack McCoy was the first of many to be buried in the crawl space under Gacys home. Second Marriage On July 1, 1972, Gacy married a high school sweetheart, Carole Hoff. She and her two daughters from a previous marriage moved into Gacys home. Carole was aware of why Gacy had spent time in prison, but he had downplayed the charges and convinced her that he had changed his ways. Within weeks of being married, Gacy was  arrested and charged  with sexual assault after a teen male accused him of impersonating a police officer to get him into his car, then forcing him to engage in oral sex. Again the charges were dropped; this time because the victim had tried to blackmail Gacy. In the meantime, as Gacy added more bodies in the crawlspace under his house, a horrible stench began to fill the air, both inside and outside of Gacys home. It got to be so bad that neighbors began to insist that Gacy find a solution to get rid of the odor.   Youre Hired In 1974 Gacy left his construction job and started a contracting business called Painting, Decorating, and Maintenance, or PDM Contractors, Inc. Gacy told friends that one way he planned to keep his costs down was by hiring teenage boys. But Gacy saw it as another way to find teens to lure to his basement of horrors.   He began posting available jobs and then invited the applicants to his house on the pretext of talking to them about a job. Once the boys were inside his home, he would overpower them using various tricks, render them unconscious and then begin his gruesome and sadistic torture that almost always led to their death. The Do-Gooder While he wasnt killing young men, Gacy spent time reestablishing himself as a good neighbor and good  community leader. He worked tirelessly on community projects, had several neighborhood parties, developed close friendships with his next-door neighbors, and became a familiar face, dressed as Pogo the Clown, at birthday parties and at the childrens hospital.   People liked John Wayne Gacy. By day, he was a successful business owner and community do-gooder, but by night, unknown to anyone but his victims, he was a sadistic killer on the loose. Second Divorce In October 1975 Carole filed for divorce after Gacy admitted to her that he was attracted to young men. She wasnt surprised by the news. Months before, on Mothers Day, he had informed her that they would not be having any more sex together. She was also bothered by all of the gay porn magazines lying around and she could no longer ignore all the teenage males coming in and out of the house. Having Carole out of his hair, Gacy focused on what really mattered to him most; keeping his do-gooder facade in the community so that he could continue to achieve sexual gratification by raping and killing young boys. From 1976 to 1978, Gacy had managed to hide the bodies of 29 of his victims under his house, but because of lack of space and the odor, he dumped the bodies of his last four victims into the Des Moines River. Robert  Piest On December 11, 1978, in Des Moines, 15-year-old Robert Piest went missing after leaving his job at a pharmacy. He told his mother and a co-worker that he was going to an interview with a construction contractor about a summer position. The contractor had been in the pharmacy earlier in the evening discussing a future remodel with the owner.   When  Piest  failed to return home, his parents contacted the police. The pharmacy owner told investigators that the contractor was John Gacy, owner of PDM Contractors. When Gacy was contacted by the police, he admitted being in the pharmacy on the night the boy disappeared but denied ever speaking to the teenager. This contradicted what one of  Piests  fellow employees had told the investigators. According to the employee,  Piest  was upset because he had been turned down earlier in the evening when he asked for a raise. But when his shift ended, he was excited because the contractor that was remodeling the pharmacy agreed to meet with him that night to discuss a summer job. Gacy’s denying that he had even spoken to the boy raised a lot of suspicions. Investigators ran a background check that revealed Gacys past criminal record, including his conviction and prison time for sodomizing a minor. This information put Gacy on the top of the list of possible suspects. On December 13, 1978, a  warrant to search  Gacys Summerdale Avenue home was granted. While investigators searched his home and cars, he was at the police station giving an oral and written statement about his activities at the pharmacy on the night  Piest  disappeared. When he learned that his house had been searched, he went into a fit of anger. The Search The  evidence  collected at Gacys house included a high school ring for the class of 1975 with initials J.A.S., handcuffs, drugs and drug paraphernalia, two drivers licenses that were not issued to Gacy, child pornography, police badges, guns and ammunition, a switchblade, a piece of stained carpet, hair samples from Gacys automobiles, store receipts, and several items of teen-styled clothing in sizes that would not fit Gacy.   Investigators also went down into the crawl space, but did not discover anything and left quickly due to the rancid odor that they attributed to being a sewage problem. Although the search solidified suspicions that Gacy was likely an active pedophile, it did not turn up any evidence linking him to  Piest. However, he was still their prime suspect.   Under Surveillance Two surveillance teams were assigned to watch Gacy 24 hours a day. The investigators continued their search for  Piest  and continued interviewing his friends and co-worker. They also began interviewing people who had contact with Gacy. What investigators learned was that Robert  Piest  was a good, family-oriented kid. John Gacy, on the other hand, had the makings of a monster. They also learned that  Piest  was not the first, but the fourth person who had disappeared after having contact with Gacy. Meanwhile, Gacy seemed to be enjoying a game of cat and mouse with the surveillance team. More than once he was able to sneak away from his house undetected. He also invited the team into his home and served them breakfast, and then he would joke about spending the rest of the day getting rid of dead bodies. The Big Break Eight days into the investigation the lead detective went to the  Piests  home to bring his parents up to date. During the conversation, Mrs. Piest mentioned a conversation that she had with one of the employees working on the night her son went missing. The employee had told her that she had borrowed her sons jacket when she went on her break and left a receipt in the jacket pocket. This was the same jacket that her son had on when he left to go talk to the contractor about a job and never returned. That same receipt was found in the evidence collected during the search of Gacys house. Further  forensic tests  were performed on the receipt that proved that Gacy had been lying and that  Piest  had been in his home. Gacy Buckles Those closest to Gacy were interviewed by detectives on multiple occasions. Afterward, Gacy demanded that they tell him everything that was said. This included the in-depth questioning of his employees regarding the crawl space under Gacys home. Some of these employees admitted that Gacy had paid them to go down into specific areas of the crawl space to dig trenches. Gacy realized it was just a matter of time before the extent of his crimes would be exposed. He began to buckle under the pressure, and his behavior turned bizarre. On the morning of his arrest, Gacy was observed driving to the homes of his friends to tell them goodbye. He was seen taking pills and drinking mid-morning. He also talked about committing suicide and confessed to a few people that he had killed thirty people. What finally led to his arrest was a  drug deal  that Gacy orchestrated in full view of the surveillance team. They pulled Gacy over and placed him under arrest.   Second Search Warrant While in police custody, Gacy was informed that a second search warrant of his home had been issued. The news brought on chest pains, and Gacy was taken to the hospital. In the meantime, the search of his house, particularly the crawlspace, had begun. But the extent of what would be uncovered shocked even the most seasoned investigators. The Confession Gacy was released from the hospital later that night and taken back into custody. Knowing that his game was up, he  confessed to murdering  Robert  Piest. He also confessed to thirty-two additional murders, starting in 1974, and hinted that the total could be as high as 45. During the confession, Gacy explained how he had restrained his victims by pretending to do a magic trick, which required that they put on handcuffs. He then stuffed socks or underwear into their mouths and used a board with chains, which he would place under their chest, then wrapped the chains around their neck. He would then choke them to death while raping them. Victims Through dental and radiology records, 25 of the 33 bodies found were identified. In an effort to identify the remaining unknown victims, DNA testing was performed from 2011 to 2016.   Went Missing Name Age Location of Body January 3, 1972 Timothy McCoy 16 Crawl space - Body #9 July 29, 1975 John Butkovitch 17 Garage - Body #2 April 6, 1976 Darrell Sampson 18 Crawl space - Body #29 May 14, 1976 Randall Reffett 15 Crawl space - Body #7 May 14, 1976 Samuel Stapleton 14 Crawl space - Body #6 June 3, 1976 Michael Bonnin 17 Crawl space - Body #6 June 13, 1976 William Carroll 16 Crawl space - Body #22 August 6, 1976 Rick Johnston 17 Crawl space - Body #23 October 24, 1976 Kenneth Parker 16 Crawl space - Body #15 October 26, 1976 William Bundy 19 Crawl space - Body #19 December 12, 1976 Gregory Godzik 17 Crawl space - Body #4 January 20, 1977 John Szyc 19 Crawl space - Body #3 March 15, 1977 Jon Prestidge 20 Crawl space - Body #1 July 5, 1977 Matthew Bowman 19 Crawl space - Body #8 September 15, 1977 Robert Gilroy 18 Crawl space - Body #25 September 25, 1977 John Mowery 19 Crawl space - Body #20 October 17, 1977 Russell Nelson 21 Crawl space - Body #16 November 10, 1977 Robert Winch 16 Crawl space - Body #11 November 18, 1977 Tommy Boling 20 Crawl space - Body #12 December 9, 1977 David Talsma 19 Crawl space - Body #17 February 16, 1978 William Kindred 19 Crawl space - Body #27 June 16, 1978 Timothy O'Rourke 20 Des Plaines River - Body #31 November 4, 1978 Frank Landingin 19 Des Plaines River - Body #32 November 24, 1978 James Mazzara 21 Des Plaines River - Body #33 December 11, 1978 Robert Piest 15 Des Plaines River - Body #30 Guilty Gacy went on trial on February 6, 1980, for the murder of thirty-three young men. His defense lawyers tried to prove that  Gacy was insane, but the jury of five women and seven men did not agree.  After only two hours of deliberation, the jury returned a verdict of guilty and Gacy was given the death penalty. Execution While on death row, Gacy continued to taunt authorities with different versions of his story about the murders in an attempt to stay alive. But once his appeals were exhausted, the execution date was set. John Gacy was executed by lethal injection on May 9, 1994. His  last words  were, Kiss my ass. Sources Fall of the House of Gacy by Harlan Mendenhallï » ¿Killer Clown by Terry Sullivan and Peter T. Maiken

Mineral and Water Function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mineral and Water Function - Essay Example Water also carries oxygen and important nutrients to cells (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2014). Water is the most important component of the cells in our bodies, and there is no way that it can be replaced totally, or Nature would have offered a better solution of water replacement than sodas and other drinks. However, this is the case with normal people, who want to stay hydrated. In case of athletes, dehydration can best be prevented with a sports drink. This is because after doing exercise or a sport, the blood flow in the athletes’ systems increases, generating heat, which is carried to the skin, where sweat is produced. If plain water is taken in, the absence of sodium will dilute the sodium concentration in the body cells, and the brain will also get the message that the thirst is over. The athlete will stop drinking, but the sodium loss is not compensated. However, sports drinks contain sodium (a mineral) and other electrolytes that the body loses with extreme sweat. Hence, sports drinks are beneficial for athletes, but common people should not ignore the importance of water to stay hydrated. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2014). Functions of water in the body. Nutrition and Healthy Eating. Retrieved April 30, 2014, from